If you received a large refund after filing your 2017 income tax return, you’re probably enjoying the influx of cash. But a large refund isn’t necessarily all positive. It also means you were essentially giving the government an interest-free loan.

That’s why a large refund for the previous tax year would usually indicate that you should consider reducing the amounts you’re having withheld (and/or what estimated tax payments you’re making) for the current year. 2018 is a little different due to the new tax law.

The TCJA and Withholding

To reflect changes under the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA) — such as the increase in the standard deduction, suspension of personal exemptions and changes in tax rates and brackets — the IRS updated the withholding tables for employers for what they should hold back from their employees’ paychecks, generally reducing the amount withheld.

The new tables may provide the correct amount of tax withholding for individuals with simple tax situations, but they might cause other taxpayers to not have enough withheld to pay their ultimate tax liabilities under the TCJA. So even if you received a large refund this year, you could end up owing a significant amount of tax when you file your 2018 return next year.

Perils of the New Tables

The IRS itself cautions that people with more complex tax situations face the possibility of having their income taxes under-withheld. If, for example, you itemize deductions, have dependents age 17 or older, are in a two-income household or have more than one job, you should review your tax situation with your tax advisor at Blue, and adjust your withholding if appropriate.

The IRS has updated its withholding calculator (available at irs.gov) to assist taxpayers in reviewing their situations. The calculator reflects changes in available itemized deductions, the increased child tax credit, the new dependent credit, and the repeal of dependent exemptions.

More Considerations

Tax law changes aren’t the only reason to check your withholding. Additional reviews during the year are a good idea if:

• You get married or divorced,
• You add or lose a dependent,
• You purchase a home,
• You start or lose a job, or
• Your investment income changes significantly.

You can modify your withholding at any time during the year, or even multiple times within a year. To do so, you simply submit a new Form W-4 to your employer. Changes typically will go into effect several weeks after the new Form W-4 is submitted. (For estimated tax payments, you can make adjustments each time quarterly payments are due, again discuss the changes with your tax advisor at Blue & Co..)

The TCJA and Your Tax Situation

If you rely solely on the new withholding tables, you could run the risk of significantly under withholding your federal income taxes. As a result, you might face an unexpectedly high tax bill when you file your 2018 tax return next year. Remember to contact your local Blue & Co. advisor for help determining whether you should adjust your withholding. We can also answer any questions you have about how the TCJA may affect your particular situation.